Samples

A trapezoidal earth canal on a mild slope. How deep does it run? This is the channel the app's tutorials start from.

irrigation-canal.flume

Inputs

Section	Trapezoidal, b = 3 m, 2H:1V
Manning's n	0.025
Discharge	10 m³/s
Bed slope	0.001

Results

Normal depth	1.443 m
Velocity	1.178 m/s
Froude number	0.382
Critical depth	0.8556 m

In the app

Open the Uniform Flow tab. Solve for is on Depth.

Download irrigation-canal.flume

A 1.2 m concrete pipe flowing partly full. Flume keeps a circular section to free surface flow, and the rating curve shows why a pipe carries most just before it's full.

storm-sewer.flume

Inputs

Section	Circular, D = 1.2 m
Manning's n	0.013
Discharge	1.5 m³/s
Bed slope	0.002

Results

Normal depth	0.8579 m
Relative depth y/D	0.715
Velocity	1.734 m/s
Froude number	0.620
Critical depth	0.6698 m

In the app

Open the Uniform Flow tab. Try Solve for Q with a depth of 1.1 m.

Download storm-sewer.flume

A surveyed river section in flood: a main channel with rougher flood plains on each side. The section is divided where the roughness changes, and the conveyances are added.

river-floodplain.flume

Inputs

Section	Irregular, 9 points, 54 m across
Roughness	0.035 channel, 0.06 and 0.08 flood plains
Discharge	60 m³/s
Bed slope	0.0008

Results

Normal depth	3.013 m
Top width	46.56 m
Velocity	0.990 m/s
Froude number	0.277
Equivalent n	0.0335

In the app

Open the Uniform Flow tab. Lower the discharge to 20 to bring the river back within its banks.

Download river-floodplain.flume

Flow arrives in a 6 m wide rectangular basin 0.5 m deep and fast. The jump it forms: how deep after, and how much energy is lost?

stilling-basin.flume

Inputs

Section	Rectangular, b = 6 m
Discharge	30 m³/s
Depth before the jump	0.5 m

Results

Froude number	4.516
Sequent depth	2.953 m
Energy loss	2.499 m
Efficiency	55.4 %
Kind	Steady jump

In the app

Open the Energy & Jump tab.

Download stilling-basin.flume

A broad-crested weir across the irrigation canal. Flume works out the head over the crest, then follows the M1 backwater curve upstream until it meets the normal depth.

backwater-weir.flume

Inputs

Channel	The irrigation canal
Control	Broad weir, crest 1 m high and 3 m long
Discharge coefficient	0.9

Results

Head over the crest	1.678 m
Depth behind the weir	2.678 m
Profile	M1
Length of backwater	2262 m

In the app

Open the Water Surface Profile tab, on One Control.

Download backwater-weir.flume

A sluice gate open 0.5 m, with the water held at 1.5 m sixty metres downstream. The jet slows along an M3 profile, the tailwater backs up along an M1, and the jump sits where the forces balance.

gate-and-jump.flume

Inputs

Channel	The irrigation canal
Upstream control	Gate, opening 0.5 m, Cc = 0.61
Downstream control	Depth 1.5 m
Reach	60 m

Results

Depth below the gate	0.305 m
Jump	from 11.2 m to 18.6 m
Depth before	0.4182 m
Depth after	1.493 m
Energy loss	0.842 m

In the app

Open the Water Surface Profile tab, on Two Controls + Jump. Raise the downstream depth to 2.5 to drown the jump.

Download gate-and-jump.flume Its PDF report

A concrete chute in US customary units. The flow enters just under the critical depth and accelerates down an S2 profile to the normal depth.

steep-chute.flume

Inputs

Section	Rectangular, b = 10 ft
Manning's n	0.014
Discharge	300 ft³/s
Bed slope	0.02
Control depth	2.9 ft

Results

Profile	S2
Normal depth	1.704 ft
Critical depth	3.036 ft
Length	430 ft

In the app

Open the Water Surface Profile tab, on One Control.

Download steep-chute.flume